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English analysis

Page 12 of 21. English editions of sourced l0g investigations, newest first.Back to the latest →

9 min readFranceWho bought €4 billion of French mortgages?HSBC sold a French mortgage portfolio to CCF and Rothesay. Accounts and a later prospectus trace €4 billion into FCT Chagall.15 min readIndiaWhen gold rises, so does the debtHigher gold prices let Indian households borrow more. From jewellery boxes to bank balance sheets, anatomy of a heavily collateralised credit boom.13 min readFrance70,803 French business failures: where do the losses go?France recorded 70,803 business failures in twelve months while its banks remained resilient. We trace the losses through banks, suppliers, public guarantees, employees and non-bank lenders.14 min readIranIran: how far can Bessent close the dollar?An audit of US sanctions on Iran: what changed on 24 August 2026, what was already in force and which levers Washington has yet to use.13 min readFranceWhen climate turns the state into a reinsurerInsurer, CCR and the public guarantee: how France shares natural-disaster losses and when the state ultimately pays.13 min readLivret AWhat France's Livret A really financesAt end-2025, Livret A held €440bn. Trace savings through banks and Caisse des Dépôts into social housing, SMEs and €116bn of French public debt.Updated 35 min readsovereign debtWhat really happens when a country stops paying its debt?Ecuador, Argentina, Greece, Russia and Germany show how sovereign default reallocates losses across creditors, banks, taxpayers and households.17 min readdata centers$14 billion, $450 million of insurance: who carries Sopaipilla's risk?Meta's $14.3bn campus carries a $450m property PML, but the ratio is not an insured share. Map modelled loss, deductibles and residual risk.12 min readUnited StatesThe Fed-Treasury paradox: who makes the market for U.S. debt?Treasury buys older long bonds while the Fed buys bills. The balance-sheet difference separates market liquidity support from monetary financing.Updated 10 min readelectronic invoicingThe great e-invoicing toll, 5/5: when the pipe breaksAudits, pilot, registry, incidents and degraded operation: what France has proved about mandatory e-invoicing, and what remains unpublished.Updated 17 min readelectronic invoicingThe great e-invoicing toll, 4/5: who reads your invoices?The full invoice travels between platforms. Bercy receives a structured tax twin that gains line descriptions, quantities and unit prices in 2027.Updated 20 min readelectronic invoicingThe great e-invoicing toll, 3/5: the price of freeApproved e-invoicing platforms really do advertise zero-euro offers. l0g audited 19 public plans to examine quotas, acquisition models and exit costs.Updated 13 min readelectronic invoicingThe great e-invoicing toll, 2/5: 148 platforms, how many pipes?Bercy lists 148 approved e-invoicing platforms. Its own guide allows several registrations to rely on the same underlying technical solution.Updated 19 min reade-invoicingThe great e-invoicing toll, 1/5: the severed public portalFrance promised businesses a free e-invoicing gateway, then removed it. DINUM reviews and procurement records reveal an unstable project boundary.10 min readEuropeThe price of coolingHungary allocated HUF 6.165bn to keep Paks operating in drought. Compare towers, dry cooling, reclaimed water and seawater by cost and output.12 min readEuropeThe model, the pump and the price of adequacyENTSO-E found no systemic adequacy risk for summer 2026. By 19 August, that verdict still held despite the Danube shutdowns. An audit of a model that measures adequacy, not the physical price of achieving it.12 min readEuropeThe dam that chooses not to generateSwitzerland's 250 GWh reserve, water value, Norwegian imports and incomparable stock metrics: how hydropower dams arbitrate time.14 min readFranceThe extra degreeAt Bugey, the Rhône has a normal limit, a second tier activated when RTE requires units, and then a case-by-case exceptional decision. Part three of our investigation into water and European electricity asks who turns a grid need into an extra degree, and when the river's actual response becomes known.13 min readEuropeThe wet megawatt Europe cannot countEurope's main registers track power plants but do not link each unit to its water, cooling system, thresholds and losses. Part two of our investigation into water and electricity.14 min readEuropeHow much is one centimetre of Danube worth?In the summer of 2026, Romania and Hungary blasted rock, mobilised barges and built sills to preserve electricity generation. The Danube was not empty: it had become too low at the exact point where some pumps had to draw water. Part one of our investigation into water, Europe's invisible power fuel.